Network Terms "O"

Object

A discrete piece of information, such as a graphic, chart, or paragraph of text, that you can create in one application and link or embed into a file created in another application.

Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)

A standard for embedding objects and text in electronic documents.

Octet

A term used to describe 8 bits in an IP address. An IP address consists of a 4 octet address. An octet is separated by periods. The octet represents a decimal number in the range of 0-255 known as dotted decimal notation.

ODR (On-Demand Routing)

On-Demand Routing (ODR) uses the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) to transfer network information between routers. ODR makes it possible to find the following types of characteristics about neighboring devices:

• Device type

• IP address

• Cisco IOS version being run

• Network capabilities

OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)

A company that uses parts of other company's products to create its own products.

Offline defragmentation

A defragmentation method you perform manually using NTDSUTIL when the computer is not connected to the network. It rearranges the data in the Active Directory database, compresses the file, and creates a compact, new file.

Off-site storage

Backup tapes stored at a location different from the business location.

OLE (Object Linking and Embedding)

A standard for embedding objects and text in electronic documents.

OLE DB

An application programming interface (API) that lets COM applications access data from an OLE DB provider without regard to the data storage format of the provider. For example, the provider could be a database, a spreadsheet, or text files.

Omni-directional Antenna

Wireless networks require antennas for sending and receiving transmitted signals. An omni-directional antenna disperses a radio frequency wave in an equal 360-degree pattern. This type of antenna is used to provide access to many clients in a radius.

On-Demand Routing (ODR)

On-Demand Routing (ODR) uses the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) to transfer network information between routers. ODR makes it possible to find the following types of characteristics about neighboring devices:

• Device type

• IP address

• Cisco IOS version being run

• Network capabilities

Online defragmentation

A defragmentation method that the Extensible Storage engine performs automatically at regular intervals, following the garbage collection process. It rearranges the data in the Active Directory database, but does not compress the data or reduce the size of the database file.

On-site storage

Backup tapes stored at the business location.

Open Graphics Language (OpenGL)

The standard software interface you can use on any hardware or software platform to create high-quality graphics.

Open message

The first message sent by each side of an established TCP session is an open message. Open messages exchange information on how to set up a session

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

A routing protocol like RIP. This routing protocol periodically exchanges routes to known networks among dynamic routers. If a route changes, other routers are automatically informed of the change. Dynamic routing requires a protocol such as Open Shortest Path First.

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model

It includes the Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical layers, which correspond to the model created by the International Standards Organization (ISO).

OpenGL (Open Graphics Language)

The standard software interface you can use on any hardware or software platform to create high-quality graphics.

Origin attribute

The origin (type code 1) is a well-known mandatory BGP attribute used to describe the origination of information in transit.

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)

A company that uses parts of other company's products to create its own products.

Originating domain controller

The domain controller on which an Active Directory update was originally made.

Originating update

An update to the Active Directory update that is made directly rather than through replication. For example, if BSmith's password is changed on Server1 then replicated to Server2, the originating update was made on Server1.

Originating update sequence number

The local USN of the domain controller on which an Active Directory update was originally made.

Oscilloscope

An electronic device that displays signal voltage information. You can use an oscilloscope to detect shorts, breaks, bends, or crimps in a network cable. Oscilloscopes can also indicate attenuation problems (loss of signal power).

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model

It includes the Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical layers, which correspond to the model created by the International Standards Organization (ISO).

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

A routing protocol like RIP. This routing protocol periodically exchanges routes to known networks among dynamic routers. If a route changes, other routers are automatically informed of the change. Dynamic routing requires a protocol such as Open Shortest Path First.

Outlook Anywhere

Outlook Web Access (OWA) provides browser access to e-mail.

Out-of-band management

Out-of-band management uses communication channels and methods that are different from those used by the server to communicate with normal network clients. With out-of-band management, you separate server management traffic from normal network traffic. You might also use unique tools that allow you to communicate with a server before the operating system loads or if the server is unresponsive to normal network communications.