Network switching is a crucial technology that facilitates the efficient and secure transfer of data within computer networks. It involves the use of network switches, devices that operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches function by examining the MAC addresses of incoming data packets and making forwarding decisions based on this information. Unlike traditional hubs or early network technologies, switches intelligently direct data only to the specific device for which it is intended, reducing network congestion and optimizing bandwidth. This improves overall network performance, making switches a fundamental component in local area networks (LANs) and larger network infrastructures. The evolution of switching technologies has led to advancements such as virtual LANs (VLANs), Power over Ethernet (PoE), and Quality of Service (QoS), contributing to the scalability, flexibility, and security of modern networks.