In a typical home or small office network, several common networking devices play key roles in ensuring connectivity and data transfer. A router serves as the central hub, managing the flow of data between devices within the network and connecting them to the internet. Modems are responsible for translating digital data from the network into signals that can be transmitted over communication lines, enabling internet access. Switches act as connectors within the local network, facilitating direct communication between devices. Wireless access points (WAPs) enable wireless connectivity, allowing devices like smartphones and laptops to connect to the network without physical cables. Network extenders or repeaters enhance Wi-Fi coverage by amplifying signals, especially in larger spaces. Network adapters in devices like computers or gaming consoles enable wired or wireless connections to the network. Firewalls provide security by monitoring and controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. These common networking devices collectively create a functional and secure network environment for everyday internet usage and device connectivity.