Malware, short for malicious software, is a broad term encompassing various types of software specifically designed to harm or exploit computer systems, networks, or users. This category includes viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, adware, and ransomware. Ransomware, a specific subset of malware, is a type of malicious software that encrypts a user's files or entire system, rendering them inaccessible. Attackers then demand a ransom, usually in cryptocurrency, in exchange for providing the decryption key. Ransomware attacks often target individuals, businesses, or organizations, aiming to extort money or cause disruption. Prevention and mitigation strategies against malware and ransomware involve regularly updating software, using antivirus programs, implementing network security measures, and fostering user awareness to avoid falling victim to phishing or social engineering tactics frequently employed by malware creators.