IPv6 is the latest Internet Protocol, designed to overcome the limitations of IPv4 by offering a much larger address space (128-bit). The switch to IPv6 is necessary due to the increasing number of connected devices, addressing the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. IPv6 simplifies headers, enhances security, and better supports mobile devices, ensuring continued growth in the digital landscape. The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is crucial for sustaining the expanding internet ecosystem.